Pollution

But what of pollution?

A lot of environmental controls are pretty much nonsense.

But what of pollution?

The latest Euro 4, 5 & 6 car standards are such a flawed affair. They set theoretical standards that cars should keep to, but are based on scientifically flawed theoretical thinking. The testing for emissions that go on for things like car tests, the UK’s MOT, are based on theory, not actuality, so manufacturers such as VW worked towards these ‘examination certificates for proof,’ with no attempt at any real life checking. Many people have certificates and are employed ‘out of expertise,’ so in most cases a lot of the certificates, because they are based on outdated knowledge, shouldn’t be employed in the area they are ‘qualified’ in. Knowledge and skills in a fast-moving world need to be constantly kept up to date otherwise they are obsolete and worthless and one countries knowledge does ‘not fit all.’ Sadly, the idea ‘once a doctor, always a doctor applies in society, even after 30 years not in the business, or even connected with it. In Information Technology the task is even worse, being just a year or two out of date requiring a fair amount of learning, and you’re not dealing with people’s lives being at stake.

In real life, rather than in the theoretical fiction one, it comes down to ‘how much energy is needed to build, run and dispose of a vehicle?’ Modern vehicles requiring so much more than in the past, so are more polluting, whatever the fiction politicians put out and legislate.

With combustion cars, it’s how much pollution is produced when they are manufactured and delivered to the customer, how long they last, what the type of fuel is and how many miles per gallon/person they produce, then how much it costs to recycle it. Modern cars seem to have a useful life of about 12 years now compared to 15 years in the past, so you need to multiply the new cars pollution by +25% for manufacture in comparisons. If it produces 25% less pollution in manufacture then it pollutes about the same for that part.

Emission recording is one of the most suspect areas. If a such a car works properly and efficiently then it must combust as much as possible of its fuel, so if it doesn’t do this properly it will produce more carbon monoxide. It must produce as much carbon dioxide as possible, otherwise the carbon component of fuels is not used or used inefficiently, hence ‘lower miles per gallon/passenger.’ End of story.

Generally, diesel engines are more expensive to produce than petrol engines and the fuel is a heavier hydrocarbon, so they pollute more than petrol gallon for gallon, but the counter is they normally do more miles/passenger per gallon, so effectively the produce about the same, although they do produce more particulates in the form of soot, especially if they aren’t burnt up. They tend to produce less CO2 than petrol cars, but they store this carbon then tend to burn it up into masses of pure CO2 in what are called regeneration cycles. There is no such thing as ‘just disposing of it or storing it,’ a car that just keeps hold of it probably weighing 7.5 tonnes more if it did than at the start of its life.

With cars its original cost, MPG/passenger, and mile totals that counts. Nothing else.

Rough estimates are that half a cars pollution is in its manufacture, so a car £30,000 in cost and distribution will probably pollute around twice a £15,000 car.

You can hide so many figures in production, but this is a good estimate from working out the figure from numerous vehicles of different types and it applies to bicycles, motorbikes, cars, vans, heavy good vehicles, buses, trains, aircraft and even rockets.

Then fuel. For CO2, even bicycling produces a CO2 production, usually though around twice a normal stationary human, so about an extra 30kg per year. The pollution of the bicycle being for a £1,000 bike 1/10^th of a £10,000 car in its manufacture, bikes rarely being multi-user as tandems are rare.

A £10,000 car polluting around twice a £5,000 car in its manufacture component. Petrol produces about 2.3035kg of CO2 per litre of fuel with smaller amounts of other chemicals. Diesel produces about 2.6391kg of CO2 per litre of fuel.

An average in the UK is carrying 1.2 passengers at any one time and travelling around 9,000 miles a year. Litres to UK gallons are 0.22.

So, a typical average old car would produce about 2.6 tonnes of CO2 per year, a new one maybe 2 tonnes, but they vary from a large heavy new Euro 6 standard luxury car with a person with a heavy foot that may produce 18 tonnes a year of CO2 down to a small efficient 25 year old car that never had any real standards that could do maybe less than 1 tonne a year of CO2, so the figures are pretty much academic and not related to anything in real life. But many officials and so called ‘scientists’ in the area never visit the place.

Fuels are important, cycling using up personal energy, the more energetic the cycling the greater the energy required and CO2 produced, so it should be that there is a higher provision need for the energy required, maybe 4,000 calories compared to 2,500 for less active people, but many people over-eat anyway, using up way more in the form of energy provision that they need, also requiring more to transport them. So a

So, cars, what of them?

Modern petrol cars average maybe 50mpg, older cars maybe 40mpg. A car that does 25mpg pollutes twice as much as one that does 50mpg on the same fuel. If 2 people generally use a car then you could divide it by 2 per person, but the total pollution would be the same. A diesel car does around 60mpg, but is about 15% more polluting per gallon because of the form of combustion, so on average does maybe 5% better at most, but upkeep and maintenance means most are very similar.

Electric cars cost on average 50% more than petrol or diesel cars to produce, so the initial manufacturing pollution component is +50%. People talk about manufacturing in terms of economies of scale, but they have kicked in almost fully and are active, similar to the cost of wind turbines, so figures are now unlikely to come down because of it.

Vehicle by Type		Average values in old car standards for a standard operational driving style
					Yearly	Yearly	Total Pollution	Old Car
Type of Vehicle	Manufacturing	Useful life	Fuel per year	Number of Users	Average Mileage	Maintenance	Kg/Person CO2	Equivalent
Old Bicycle	0.02	3	0.01	1	200	0	355	19.5%
New Bicycle	0.1	5	0.01	1	500	0	410	22.5%
Old Petrol Car	1	15	1.00	1.2	10000	0.05	1820	100.0%
Old Diesel Car	1.1	20	1.15	1.2	10000	0.07	2794	153.5%
New Petrol Car	1.2	12	0.90	1.2	9000	0.04	1502	82.5%
New Diesel Car	1.2	15	1.00	1.2	9000	0.06	2067	113.6%
Hybrid Car	1.4	12	0.70	1.2	9000	0.08	1274	70.0%
Electric Car	1.6	12	0.30	1.2	7000	0.05	845	46.4%
Bus Diesel	10	25	3.33	10	100000	0.1	133	7.3%
Electric	12	20	1.11	10	90000	0.07	53	2.9%
Train Diesel	100	30	20.00	50	1000000	0.1	20	1.1%
Train Electric	100	30	6.67	50	1000000	0.1	9	0.5%
Short Haul Jet	150	15	200.00	150	175000	0.4	218	12.0%
Long Haul Jet	200	20	133.33	250	250000	0.4	83	4.6%
Rocket NEO	2000	0.02	1000.00	2	2000	0	656500	36071.4%
Rocket Moon, etc	5000	0.04	2000.00	3	500000	0	4403	241.9%

 

Old car equivalent
Type of Vehicle	Very Bad Driving	Bad Driving	Average Driving	Good Driving
Old Bicycle	29.26%	29.26%	19.5%	17.55%
New Bicycle	33.79%	33.79%	22.5%	20.27%
Old Petrol Car	300.00%	200.00%	100.0%	80.00%
Old Diesel Car	460.48%	306.99%	153.5%	122.80%
New Petrol Car	247.62%	165.08%	82.5%	66.03%
New Diesel Car	340.71%	227.14%	113.6%	90.86%
Hybrid Car	210.00%	140.00%	70.0%	56.00%
Electric Car	139.29%	92.86%	46.4%	37.14%
Bus Diesel	14.67%	11.00%	7.3%	5.87%
Electric	5.81%	4.36%	2.9%	2.62%
Train Diesel	2.20%	1.21%	1.1%	0.99%
Train Electric	0.94%	0.52%	0.5%	0.42%
Short Haul Jet	24.00%	13.20%	12.0%	10.80%
Long Haul Jet	9.17%	5.05%	4.6%	4.13%
Rocket NEO	36071.43%	36071.43%	36071.4%	36071.43%
Rocket Moon, etc	241.90%	241.90%	241.9%	241.90%

 

Looking at model types compared to old Petrol Equivalent
Cars by type	Average	Best	Worst
Old Petrol	100.0%	70.0%	300.00%
Old Diesel	153.5%	122.8%	306.99%
New Petrol	82.5%	66.0%	267.43%
New Diesel	113.6%	79.5%	160.14%
Hybrid	70.0%	63.0%	140.00%
Electric	46.4%	41.8%	185.71%

 

Combined Driver and Car		Best Car				Worst Car
Type of Vehicle	Very Bad Driving	Bad Driving	Average Driving	Good Driving	Very Bad Driving	Bad Driving	Average Driving	Good Driving
Old Petrol Car	210.0%	140.0%	70.00%	56.000%	900.00%	600.00%	300.00%	240.0%
Old Diesel Car	565.5%	377.0%	122.80%	150.787%	1413.63%	942.42%	306.99%	377.0%
New Petrol Car	163.5%	109.0%	66.03%	43.602%	662.20%	441.47%	267.43%	176.6%
New Diesel Car	270.9%	180.6%	79.50%	72.231%	545.61%	363.74%	160.14%	145.5%
Hybrid Car	132.3%	88.2%	63.00%	35.280%	294.00%	196.00%	140.00%	78.4%
Electric Car	58.2%	38.8%	41.79%	15.520%	258.67%	172.45%	185.71%	69.0%